KLH Model Twenty-One (21) FM Radio (1965)
The KLH Model Twenty One (21) FM radio is legendary among collectors. Designed
by Henry Kloss, it creates wonderful sound for a small table radio.
After reading about the Twenty One for years, I decided to
find out what all the fuss is about.
Description
Here is my Twenty One after I finished work on it. (By the way, KLH always spelled
out their model numbers.)The cabinet is walnut with a black fiberboard back.
The knobs are cream colored plastic with brown plastic inserts in a grained pattern.
The front controls are simplicity itself: tuning, power and volume, bass, and treble.
A vernier mechanism provides precise tuning.
The next photos show the radio before I spiffed up the cabinet. My Twenty One
has serial number 037692.
The connections are self-explanatory. Notice the three little
plastic caps over the output terminals when they are not in use. This prevents
air leakage through the terminals, preserving the integrity of the
acoustic suspension system.
Here, I have removed the back. Never having seen one of these
before, I was a little surprised to find a pillow stuffed inside.
It's another component of the acoustic system. Inside the pillowcase
is fiberglass batting.
The first photo shows the back cover lying on top of the cabinet. The little black
tub-shaped piece creates a recess when the back is on.
It does no harm to unscrew the dowels, as I did with the left one, but
they don't need to be removed to take off the back.
The acoustic suspension method uses a speaker tuned for a specific, sealed enclosure.
We already saw the terminal caps. With the back off, we can see two more means of
sealing the interior: a foam gasket around the terminal
block and a narrow gasket that runs around the perimeter where
the back fits into the cabinet body.
The cabinet isn't as airtight as a spacecraft, of course.
Tiny amounts of air can leak here and there, but it's
tight enough to accomplish the acoustic goal.
Twenty One Family Tree
The Twenty One was Henry Kloss' last project before he left the KLH company.
Its sire was the tube-based Model Eight, which is
much harder to find. Both radios were available with an optional
second speaker. An even scarcer accessory was a stereo multiplexer
for the Eight.
My Twenty One is the original version with walnut cabinet and beige knobs and grille.
In 1970, it was replaced by the Twenty One II with black knobs and
grille, less desirable from a collecting standpoint.
In the early 1970s, KLH was bought by the Singer company, which produced
later models with vinyl covered cabinets, including a clock radio. These
tacky-looking sets have little appeal to collectors, although they should
perform acceptably.
Electronic Tune-Up
The KLH is a high quality set. It also is not easy to service. If yours
works well, I'd leave it alone. If it needs repair, generic components
such as capacitors and resistors can be obtained from many
sources. For a proprietary part such
as the tuner or various coils, the only source would be a junker
chassis from another Twenty One.
Click the following icon to view the KLH Twenty One service manual.
To copy it to your computer, right-click on the icon and then
choose Save Target As...
To take out the chassis, remove four screws from underneath and slide it
backward out of the cabinet until its front touches the rear brace. Tilt the chassis
slightly to clear the brace and then remove it all the way.
There is no need to remove the knobs.
These photos show the easily accessible chassis areas. The Twenty One uses
solid state components and AC power.
On back of the speaker is a rubber-stamped date: June 22, nineteen-sixty-something.
The last digit was rubbed off, so the exact year is unknown. We know the Model
21 was manufactured from 1965-1970, so I'll call mine a 1965 unless someone has
a better idea based on its serial number.
My radio had two small tuner issues. Moving the tuning knob
produced loud static, which disappeared when you stopped tuning. The tuner also
tended to stick slightly at certain points on the dial. Here's the culprit.
As I suspected, the scratchiness came from oxidization of contacts in
the air variable capacitor. I spritzed a tiny amount of DeOxit into them,
then worked the tuner a few times and carefully removed the excess.
Then I repeated the treatment with an electronic lubricant. This cured
the problem completely.
I also sparingly lubricated the tuner. Using a toothpick, I put a couple
of drops of light, high grade oil into the ball bearing race for the tuner shaft. Then
I worked the tuner back and forth several times. Setting
the chassis on its back, I removed the vernier tuning knob and put a
drop of oil at the junction where the inner (vernier) tuning shaft
goes inside the main shaft. I worked the tuner a
few more times, then left it to rest on its back overnight.
The next day, I cleaned a tiny amount of excess oil from the vernier shaft
and tried it out. Perfect! Enough oil had worked its way into the mechanism to
free it up.
In the previous photo, you may have noticed some fuzzy white stuff on
the tuner frame and elsewhere. This transformer case is
covered with it.
This might be cadmium oxide, sometimes found on old radio and
TV parts with cadmium plating. Cadmium is toxic, and while the fuzz
won't leap out of the sealed Twenty One cabinet and bite you, I cleaned it
off, anyway. Isopropyl alcohol is all you need. (After this photo, I
washed the oxide off my finger and put on rubber gloves. Safety first.)
Cabinet restoration
The cabinet was in good shape, overall. The bottom paint was weathered,
which was easy to remedy. I'm not to blame for the blotches and overspray
seen inside the cabinet. They were done at the factory and I didn't see
any reason to mess with them.
The walnut finish had no damage to speak of, but it was dull,
so I freshened it up. First, I lightly cleaned it with a soft cloth and denatured
alcohol. You don't want to go crazy with this sort of alcohol, but it's great for
removing old furniture wax and everyday grime. Then I
gave it a light once-over with Howard's Restor-a-finish in the walnut color.
Although I don't use Howard's for serious refinishing, it's quick and
easy for this purpose.
Knobs and Grille Cloth
My knobs only required a little cleanup with Windex and a toothbrush.
Exact replacements are not available. If your
small knobs are missing or damaged, you'll have to look for
something similar from another radio or a supplier who
sells generic parts. The only replacement for missing tuner
knobs would be to cast a reproduction using an
original knob as the model.
The Twenty One's "grille cloth" isn't cloth in the usual sense.
It was designed for acoustical transparency and appears to be woven of
PVC-like monofilament. There is no commercial source for an exact reproduction
cover. If yours is damaged beyond repair, look for "monk's cloth" type
fabric with approximately the same color and weave. When I restored my
KLH Model Eight, I replaced its fabric grille cloth with a 14-count
cross-stitch fabric; that cloth was a close match to the original Eight cloth,
but you would need something coarser for a Model Twenty One.
My speaker covering had some little stains, which I cleaned
with a soft children's toothbrush and a diluted solution of "Goof Off 2"
household cleaner. I would never pull that kind of stunt with real
cloth, but the plastic cleaned easily and didn't abrade.
The covering is glued to the masonite face plate. Mine had loosened a bit in
one corner and it got looser after I wet the front. If you want to
remove a ruined cover, I'd try wetting it, possibly with
gentle heat. Don't soak the masonite panel heavily, lest it swell
and become deformed.
It was easy to re-secure the covering. The old
adhesive was still tacky, so after blotting up as much damp as
I could, I squeezed that corner hard with my fingers and held
it for a couple of minutes.
That's it! After a couple of hours' work, I have a radio
that looks and plays beautifully.
Twenty One Plus One
Kloss's final project was the Tivoli Model One FM/AM radio. The
Model One has no interest from a collecting standpoint, but I got
one as a premium for donating money to a public radio station.
Here, my Model One and Twenty One are having a Kloss radio party.
Designed decades later, the Model One carries forward the
ideas behind Models Eight and Twenty One: high performance
in a small package, with an understated, almost Spartan exterior.
Besides adding AM, the Tivoli has a few more input/output options, and
it optionally can use 12-volt DC power. Still, the family
resemblance is unmistakable.
With my son, Isaac,
I conducted a blind "Pepsi challenge," playing both radios
side by side and tuned to the same station, alternating between the
two every couple of minutes. After several cycles, we traded places, so
each could listen and compare.
There wasn't a clear winner. Each radio sounds excellent in its way, yet they are
distinct for reasons we couldn't easily quantify. Forced to choose,
I'd pick the Twenty One. Perhaps the bigger cabinet gives it an advantage,
or perhaps it's just me. These matters always boil down to personal
preference, don't they?
How About a Model Eight?
A couple of years after buying this radio, I ran across a
Model Eight,
in original condition and reasonably priced. You can read about
it by clicking the image below.
It's hard to choose between these two, so the Twenty One currently lives
in our kitchen and the Eight is in my office.
How About a Brand New Twenty One?
Three years after getting my first KLH Twenty One, I got an email
from a guy who said he had one in brand-new condition, still in its
original box with the Macy's sales tag!
His photos looked authentic, so we made a deal and within days, my
new-old KLH Twenty One was delivered.
Wow! As advertised, the radio was in pristine condition. The box had
been opened, but it shows the same serial number as the radio's rear ID tag.
And the original $79.95 price tag from Macy's was also present:
The seller explained it had been received as a gift, but never
really used, for some reason. I couldn't resist taking a photo of
my "old" Twenty One, along with this new one. Can you
tell which is which?
The interior looked immaculate, and the radio played like new. I
gave the tuner a light cleaning and lubrication for good luck, but
that wasn't really needed.
I promoted this radio to kitchen duty—a prized spot in our house, where
the radio will be played every day. Selling the older one was no
trouble, and I gladly sent it off to be enjoyed by a new owner.
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